Götz KG (1987) Course-control, metabolism and wing interference during ultralong tethered flight in Drosophila melanogaster. Gatenby JB (1960) The Australian mycetophilid glowworms. Gatenby JB (1959) Notes on the New Zealand Glow-worm, Bolitophila ( Arachnocampa) luminosa. Ganguly G (1960) Notes on the histology and anatomy of the larva of Bolitophila luminosa of New Zealand. Research Signpost, Kerala, pp 325–355ĭriessen MM (2010) Enhancing conservation of the Tasmanian glow-worm, Arachnocampa tasmaniensis Ferguson (Diptera: Keroplatidae) by monitoring seasonal changes in light displays and life stages. In: Meyer-Rochow VB (ed) Bioluminescence in focus-a collection of illuminating essays. Invert Biol 120:170–177īroadley RA, Stringer IAN (2009) Larval behaviour of the New Zealand glowworm, Arachnocampa luminosa (Diptera: Keroplatidae), in bush and caves. N Z Entomol 35:1–9īroadley RA, Stringer IAN (2001) Prey attraction by larvae of the New Zealand glowworm, Arachnocampa luminosa (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Annu Rev Entomol 46:471–510īroadley RA (2012) Notes on pupal behaviour, eclosion, mate attraction, copulation and predation of the New Zealand glowworm Arachnocampa luminosa (Skuse) (Diptera: Keroplatidae), at Waitomo. Aust Entomol 30:45–55īriscoe AD, Chittka L (2001) The evolution of color vision in insects. Research Signpost, Kerala, pp 305–324īaker CH, Merritt DJ (2003) Life cycle of an Australian glow-worm Arachnocampa flava Harrison (Diptera: Keroplatidae: Arachnocampinae: Campara). We propose that inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms combine to modulate bioluminescence intensity by regulating biochemical reactions or gating the access of air to the light organ.īaker CH (2009) Australian glow-worms (Diptera: Keroplatidae: Arachnocampa): an overview of their distribution, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships. Under some conditions, larvae can respond to vibration by initiating bioluminescence when they are not glowing however, the response is reduced compared to when they are glowing. Vibration of the larval snares results in a several-fold increase in bioluminescence over 20–30 s, followed by an exponential return to pre-exposure levels over 15–30 min. Larvae are most sensitive to ultraviolet light, then blue, green and red. They gradually return to pre-exposure levels but do not show a rebound. Exposure to a 5-min light pulse in the laboratory causes larvae to exponentially decrease their light output over 5–10 min until they completely switch off. To better understand light output regulation and its ecological significance, we examined the larvae’s reaction to light exposure, vibration and sound. Larvae glow throughout the night and can modulate their bioluminescence in response to sensory input. The light attracts small arthropod prey to their web-like silk snares. Glowworms are larval fungus gnats that emit light from a specialised abdominal light organ.
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